By Jon Donnis
The Ouija board has an interesting history that many people misunderstand. While it's often seen as a tool for contacting spirits, its roots are much more ordinary. What began as a simple board game gradually turned into something associated with the paranormal, with some claiming it connects to the spirit world. This article looks at the story behind the Ouija board, from its creation to its current place in pop culture, and explores the science behind why it seems to work.
From a Game to Something Mysterious
The Ouija board first appeared in the late 1800s, during a time when many people were fascinated with Spiritualism. This belief, which suggested the dead could communicate with the living, was especially popular in the United States and Europe. The aftermath of the Civil War and high mortality rates made many eager to find ways to connect with lost loved ones.
Before the Ouija board became what we know today, mediums were using talking boards during seances. These boards had letters, numbers, and yes or no options. People would use a small pointer, known as a planchette, to spell out messages they believed were from spirits. In 1890, a businessman named Elijah Bond saw an opportunity to turn this concept into a product. He patented what we now call the Ouija board, but at the time, it was marketed as a fun game with no real supernatural claims.
The First Ouija Board Patent
Elijah Bond and Charles Kennard, another businessman, created the Kennard Novelty Company to manufacture the first Ouija boards. The board was simple. It featured the alphabet, numbers, and yes or no options. A planchette was used to move over the surface of the board to answer questions. According to stories, the board itself gave the name "Ouija" during a session. Some believe the name came from combining the French and German words for "yes" (oui and ja). Either way, the name added some mystery.
When the first patent for the Ouija board was granted in 1891, it wasn't described as anything magical. The patent called it a toy or game. The instructions were straightforward: gather a group of people, lightly rest your fingers on the planchette, ask a question, and see where the planchette moves. It was promoted as a fun game anyone could play.
1891 Ouija Board Patent
William Fuld Changes the Game
In 1901, William Fuld, who worked for the Kennard Novelty Company, took control of the Ouija board's production. He is the person responsible for the board's shift toward mysticism. Fuld suggested that the board itself had instructed him to keep producing it. This claim, true or not, gave the Ouija board a greater sense of mystery and helped boost its popularity.
Fuld continued producing the Ouija board until his death in 1927, after which his family took over. In 1966, the Parker Brothers game company, known for games like Monopoly, purchased the rights to the Ouija board. This brought the board into the mainstream. Despite its growing reputation as something paranormal, Parker Brothers marketed it as a family game.
The Media's Role in Making the Ouija Board Scary
For decades, the Ouija board was seen as a mostly harmless game. But that changed dramatically in 1973, when the horror film The Exorcist linked the board to demonic possession. In the movie, a young girl becomes possessed after using a Ouija board. This portrayal transformed public perception of the board. Suddenly, what had been a fun toy was viewed by many as something dark and dangerous.
Since then, the Ouija board has become a fixture in horror films, books, and urban legends. People started to believe that using the board could invite spirits, or worse, demons. While the board's original purpose was purely recreational, it gained a reputation as a tool that could open doors to the unknown.
The Science Behind the Ouija Board
Although the Ouija board can feel like it's moving on its own, scientific explanations suggest otherwise. The board's movement can be explained by a psychological phenomenon called the ideomotor effect. This occurs when people move unconsciously, without realizing they are doing it. When people use the Ouija board, their subconscious minds guide the planchette, even though they think it's moving on its own.
Subtle, involuntary muscle movements drive the planchette across the board, creating the illusion that the board is spelling out answers to questions. This process can be influenced by the participants' expectations or group dynamics. The ideomotor effect explains why the board seems to produce answers even though it's actually controlled by the users.
Who Owns the Ouija Board Today?
Despite its spooky reputation, the Ouija board is still owned by a major toy company. In 1991, Hasbro acquired Parker Brothers, and with it, the rights to the Ouija board. Hasbro continues to sell the board today, especially around Halloween. While they market it as a "mystifying oracle," the company doesn't make any strong claims about its supernatural abilities.
The Modern Ouija Board
Today, the Ouija board holds a unique place in pop culture. For some, it's just a fun way to spend time with friends. For others, it's a tool that might connect them with the unknown. Despite scientific explanations, belief in the board's paranormal power persists, especially among those interested in ghosts or the occult.
The Ouija board continues to appear in movies, TV shows, and even video games. It's often depicted as a dangerous tool, which keeps its reputation alive as something to approach with caution. Whether people see it as a game or something more serious, the Ouija board's history shows that its evolution from a toy to a cultural icon is far from simple.
Conclusion
The Ouija board is a mix of history, psychology, and cultural intrigue. What began as a game has turned into something with a much deeper meaning for some people. While science can explain its workings, belief in the board's powers remains strong. Whether it's just a fun pastime or a gateway to the unknown, the Ouija board continues to fascinate and mystify people around the world.
UPDATE:
The Uninvited (1944)
The earliest known usage of a Ouija board in a movie is in "The Uninvited" (1944). This classic ghost story, directed by Lewis Allen, features a scene where the characters use a Ouija board to communicate with a restless spirit haunting their new house. In this scene, the board reveals the name "Carmel," which plays a significant role in uncovering the ghost's identity and the dark history of the house.
"The Uninvited" marked one of the first instances of the Ouija board being used as a supernatural communication device in cinema, setting the stage for how it would be portrayed in later horror films.
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